Getting a cat for the first time is exciting, comforting, and sometimes confusing. Cats may seem independent, but they rely on their owners for proper care, nutrition, safety, and emotional well-being. If you’ve recently brought a cat home and aren’t sure how to take care of them, this guide will walk you through the essentials—from feeding and litter training to play, sleep, and health warning signs.
Feeding Your Cat: What to Feed Based on Age
One of the first questions new cat owners ask is, “What should I feed my cat?” The answer depends largely on your cat’s age.
Kittens (0–12 Months)
Kittens grow rapidly and require more calories and nutrients than adult cats.
-
Food type: Kitten-specific food labeled “complete and balanced”
-
Feeding schedule:
-
0–6 months: 3–4 meals per day
-
6–12 months: 2–3 meals per day
-
-
Why it matters: Kitten food contains higher levels of protein, fat, calcium, and vitamins essential for growth
Avoid giving adult food to kittens—it doesn’t meet their nutritional needs.
Adult Cats (1–7 Years)
Adult cats need a balanced diet to maintain healthy weight and energy.
-
Food type: High-quality adult cat food (wet, dry, or a combination)
-
Feeding schedule: 2 meals per day
-
Portion control: Follow package guidelines and adjust based on your cat’s size and activity level
Wet food helps with hydration, while dry food is convenient and may help with dental health. Many owners use both.
Senior Cats (7+ Years)
As cats age, their nutritional needs change.
-
Food type: Senior or age-support formulas
-
Feeding schedule: 2 smaller meals per day
-
Focus areas: Joint health, digestion, kidney support, and maintaining muscle mass
If your senior cat experiences appetite loss or sudden weight changes, consult a veterinarian.
Fresh Water Is Essential
Always provide clean, fresh water. Many cats prefer wide bowls or water fountains, as they dislike their whiskers touching narrow edges.
Litter Training: Setting Your Cat Up for Success
The good news is that most cats instinctively know how to use a litter box. Your job is to make it appealing and accessible.
Litter Box Basics
-
Rule of thumb: One litter box per cat, plus one extra
-
Place litter boxes in quiet, low-traffic areas
-
Avoid placing boxes near food and water bowls
Choosing the Right Litter
-
Start with unscented, clumping litter
-
Avoid switching brands frequently, as cats dislike sudden changes
Cleaning Routine
-
Scoop waste daily
-
Completely change litter and clean the box every 1–2 weeks
If your cat stops using the litter box, it may be due to stress, a dirty box, or a medical issue—never punish them.
Engagement and Play: Keeping Your Cat Mentally Stimulated
Cats need daily mental and physical stimulation to prevent boredom and behavior problems.
Cat Trees and Scratching Posts
Scratching is natural and necessary for cats.
-
Provides exercise and stress relief
-
Helps maintain claw health
-
Cat trees allow climbing, resting, and observing from above
Place scratching posts near sleeping areas or windows for best results.
Toys for Playtime
Play helps cats burn energy and strengthens your bond.
-
Interactive toys: Wand toys, feather teasers
-
Independent toys: Balls, toy mice, puzzle feeders
-
Rotate toys weekly to keep them interesting
Aim for 10–15 minutes of play, once or twice daily.
Elevated Spaces
Cats feel safer when they can observe their environment from above.
-
Window perches
-
Shelves or tall furniture
-
Cat trees
Vertical spaces reduce stress and help shy or anxious cats feel secure.
Choosing the Right Cat Bed
Cats sleep between 12–16 hours a day, so providing a comfortable sleeping area is important.
What Makes a Good Cat Bed
-
Soft, warm material
-
Easy to wash
-
Appropriately sized so your cat can curl up comfortably
Placement Tips
-
Quiet, draft-free locations
-
Away from loud appliances
-
Some cats prefer multiple sleeping spots throughout the house
Don’t worry if your cat ignores the bed at first—many cats choose it once they feel fully settled.
Common Signs Your Cat Needs a Vet Visit
Cats often hide pain or illness, so noticing subtle changes is crucial.
Physical Warning Signs
-
Loss of appetite or refusal to eat
-
Sudden weight loss or gain
-
Vomiting or diarrhea lasting more than 24 hours
-
Increased thirst or urination
-
Limping or difficulty jumping
Behavioral Changes
-
Hiding more than usual
-
Sudden aggression or irritability
-
Litter box accidents
-
Excessive grooming or hair loss
-
Lethargy or lack of interest in play
Emergency Signs (Seek Immediate Care)
-
Difficulty breathing
-
Not eating for 24–48 hours
-
Straining to urinate
-
Seizures or collapse
Even healthy cats should visit a veterinarian at least once a year for routine check-ups and vaccinations.
Building a Happy Life With Your Cat
Being a first-time cat owner can feel overwhelming at first, but patience and consistency go a long way.
Give your cat time to adjust to its new environment, as it’s normal for them to be cautious or reserved at first. Establishing regular routines for feeding, playtime, and rest helps your cat feel secure and reduces stress. Allow affection to happen on your cat’s terms, building trust naturally rather than forcing interaction. Most importantly, take time to learn what is normal for your cat’s behavior, appetite, and energy levels so you can recognize early signs of discomfort or illness.
With proper care, structure, and love, your cat will grow into a confident, healthy companion and become a cherished part of your life for years to come.
